The Water Clock in the Tower of the Winds Essay Example for Free

The Water Clock in the Tower of the Winds Essay Honorable and Prices inside and out article inspecting the particular specialized properties of the water check in the Tower of Winds in the Roman Agora of Athens indicates to be a virtual remaking of the Tower of Winds and, explicitly, the water-clock and supporting water-tower inside. The article is only that and little else. While relentlessly keeping up all through the article that the water-clock and the Tower of Winds have gotten too minimal scholarly and logical consideration throughout the hundreds of years and regretting that such a brilliantly inquisitive structure (which has been kept up and ceaselessly involved over the numerous hundreds of years since its development), the writers do little to sensationalize the Towers presence or bring the rich archeological proof and data made accessible by the structure into striking, narrative acknowledgment. Sufficiently genuine, the Tower and the water-clock are commonly disregarded by researchers. A model is G. J. Whitrows notice of the Tower of Winds in his book Time ever: Views of Time from Prehistory to the Present Day which states essentially: there is proof of increasingly expound instrumentation, for example, the Tower of the Winds which can at present be found in Athens, north of the Acropolis. Planned and worked by the cosmologist Andronicus Kyrrhestes of Macedonia in the second quarter of the main century BC, with a breeze vane and entangled sundials on every one of its eight dividers, its most fascinating component is a store in a littler structure that remained close to its south side 1 with the suggestion that the remainder of the structure was, truth be told, of little intrigue. Incidentally, the very idea of a water-clock incites a feeling of secret and intrigue. The source of water-timekeepers is attempted to be Egyptians who built up the water-clock as a technique for monitoring time around evening time when sun-dials were, clearly, unequipped for working: To give a methods for estimating time around evening time the Egyptians likewise developed the water-clock, or clepsydra as the Greeks later called it Vitruvius, expounding on 30 BC, depicted various sorts 2 so the historical backdrop of the water-clock is profound and lavishly broad. The Noble-Price article indicates this rich history for the innovative and social hugeness of the water-clock, however dodges any genuine crystallization of the potential manifestations of water-timekeepers which went before the enormous model in the Tower of Winds. Before looking at the qualities and shortcomings of the articles to a great extent specialized elucidation, it might be helpful to sum up all in all what a water-clock is and what it is proposed to do. Despite the fact that the Noble-Price article surely satisfies this requirement for fundamental data, the Columbia Encyclopedia improves occupation of expressing, compactly, the general verifiable advancement of the water-clock: More intricate clepsydras were later evolved. Some were twofold vessels, the bigger one beneath containing a buoy that rose with the water and denoted the hours on a scale. A structure all the more intently portending the clock had a rope attached to the buoy so it turned a wheel, whose development demonstrated the time. A further advance was the utilization of rigging haggles turning pointer. 3 Another key purpose of the Noble-Price article applicable to the historical backdrop of clepsydras is what shows the qualification between the two significant kinds of water-tickers (or clepsydras) which were utilized widely in old occasions: the outpouring model and the in-stream model. The article makes reference to that The surge clepsydra was referred to as ahead of schedule as the third thousand years B. C. in Egypt, [ ] In this sort water is permitted to escape from a vessel by trickling from an opening close to its base. Time is then determined by estimating the fall of the water level, or the whole time frame taken for all the water to deplete away with the resulting negative result that the pace of move through the opening relies upon the head of water above it; in this manner as the water depletes away the stream turns out to be more slow. 4 By differentiate, with the inflow gadget, the innovation of which Vitruvius attributes to Ktesibios, water was taken care of into a tank by one way or another prepared to give a steady head of water. From a little hole close to the base of the tank, water dribbled at a consistent rate into a round and hollow holder gave a buoy; the buoy demonstrated the adjustment in water level and thusly the time slipped by 5 and this arrangement si apparent in the Tower of Winds where The tube shaped pinnacle area of the Tower of the Winds is completely fit to house such a contraption 6. Such specialized qualifications are apparently minor, however assume a key job in the quest for the article being talked about. As Noble-Price demonstrate in the articles opening passage, the expectation of the article is to fill this long-standing lacuna 7 where the enrapturing archeological proof of The Tower of Winds is finally brought to the consideration of genuine spectators by method of the writers commonsense reclamation of the component planned by Andronikos of Kyrrhos in Macedonia, likely close to the start of the second 50% of the primary century 8 and the writers absolutely satisfy this guarantee. The inadequacy of the article is its dry, specialized elucidation of the water-clock and Tower which does little to enhance the writers own dry perception that At the beginning it must be conceded that abstract and authentic references to the Tower of the Winds or its fashioner give basically no sign that the structure was anything over an intricate breeze vane. 9 By differentiate, Suzanne Youngs study, An Athenian Clepsydra, portrays a drawing in specialized elucidation alongside a sensational entertainment of the capacity of the clepsydra in the act of antiquated law: Our most punctual expert for the clepsydra is Aristophanes. One of his theme of old Acharnians protests that it is not really fitting that adolescents should disgrace an old keeps an eye on silver hairs by hauling him into prosecution to decimate him at the clepsydra. 10 Young separates her specialized explanation with chronicled account and funniness: In a somewhat later play he prods a jury-court veteran (his central Wasp ) who never dozes a wink11 or on the off chance that he nap off even a little bit his psyche goes shuddering in the night about the clepsydra. Such a methodology finds the peruser unmistakably progressively arranged to assimilate the all the more requesting determinations of the specialized and social traits being talked about. Likewise, Henry Robinsons article The Tower of the Winds and the Roman Market-Place receives an account verifiable way to deal with the translation of the water-clock and Tower, inferring that The Tower of the Winds filled in as an open watch for the city of Athens. Its inside instruments, at that point, similar to those in the horologium of Scipio Xasica at Rome, ought to have been open to the masses of the city consistently, both night and day. The nonappearance of one cutting on every edge square and of one on the floor of the Tower demonstrates this was the situation 12 and driving the peruser to comprehend the social noteworthiness of the engineering. Maybe the Noble-Price article may have profited by a touch of individual reflection or critique from the writers outside of that which relates to the lack of dynamic grant corresponding to their picked subject for the article. Sadly, the creators clearly pass up on any chance to incorporate such material, or even a touch of lighthearted element as is obvious in Carl W. Blegans article Prosymna: Remains of Post-Mycenaean Date which catelogs a gigantic measure of data on a confounding exhibit of curios and figures out how to pack this data into an engaging and paramount bundle. Maybe it is important for the human brain to intersperse its retention of data with cutaway snapshots of enthusiastic reflection, cleverness, and thoughtfulness. Provided that this is true, the Noble-Price article experiences incredibly its absence of such punctuated feeling. The Blegen article, for instance, gets done with a touch of funniness and riddle, depicting an old Egyptian ancient rarity: The circular segments and the lines are generally precisely and painstakingly drawn. The zodiacal names and the numerals of the hours are written in genuinely all around shaped letters which appear to have a place with the finish of the second century B. c. , and we may presume that the circle was made about that time. The dedicatory engraving, then again, with its swarmed, seriously formed letters, standard utilization of t for Z, EI for 0, and for R,must be an a lot later expansion, maybe assignable to the second century A. D. whatever its prior history, the sun-dial was probably around then devoted to Hera and set up in the asylum; from which it should in this way have moved down the slope to where it was found. all in all, while the Noble-Price article works admirably of introducing specialized subtleties, is profoundly explored, and actually proposed, the article does not have any story or emotional power which and will probably do little to uncover the Tower of the Winds from insightful or mainstream lack of definition. NOTES 1. G. J. Whitrow, Time ever: Views of Time from Prehistory to the Present Day (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1989), 50. 2 G. J.Whitrow, Time ever: Views of Time from Prehistory to the Present Day (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1989), 27. ) 3. The Columbia Encyclopedia sixth ed. , s. v. Clepsydra, 4. Honorable Joseph V. ; de Solla Price Derek J. The Water Clock in the Tower of the Winds American Journal of Archeology, Vol. 72, No. 4. (Oct. , 1968), p. 351. 5. Honorable Joseph V. ; de Solla Price Derek J. The Water Clock in the Tower of the Winds American Journal of Archeology, Vol. 72, No. 4. (Oct. , 1968), p. 346. 6. Respectable Joseph V. ; de Solla Price Derek J. The Water Clock in the Tower of the Winds American Journal of Archeology, Vol. 72, No. 4. (Oct. , 1968), p. 346. 7. Honorable Joseph V. ; de Solla Price Derek J. The Water Clock in the Tower of the Winds American Journal of Archeology, Vol. 72, No. 4

Voltaire Candide Essays - Anti-Catholicism In France, Candide

Voltaire Candide Voltaire was conceived in Paris in 1694. He had an extremely disturbed adolescence, yet he figured out how to go to the Jesuit school of Louis le Grand in Paris where he considered writing and theater. He went through quite a long while as an individual from the illustrious court of Louis XV at Versailles, and was named as court biographer. Voltaire's notoriety was, and still is around the world. He went through the most recent 20 years of his life in Geneva, yet he kicked the bucket in Paris in 1778. His most well known work, Candide is viewed as a gem by most researchers today. Candide was an unadulterated, na?ve man who lived ideally, in the best house, with the best individuals, and the prettiest lady on the planet. At list, that was what he thought. At that point inconvenience started, he attempted to kiss the Lady of the house Cunegonde, and for that he had to go out, which he did and he joined the Bulgar Army. After numerous appalling circumstances, he went to Holland where he became companions with a vendor, and he likewise discovered his old instructor there. After certain months, them three remaining and went to Lisbon where a tremendous seismic tremor occurred soon after they showed up. Despite the fact that they survived the seismic tremor, they got captured because of their convictions, and Candide's instructor was hanged. Candide was seriously beaten, however an elderly person treated him in her home in the forested areas. There he met again with Cunegonde, and after he slaughtered her two bosses, Candide took her and went to Propontis. There he solicited the consent from Cunegonde's sibling to wed her, and in spite of the sibling's protests Candide wedded her in any case and he spent a mind-blowing remainder in a homestead that he purchased. Voltaire story contained numerous misrepresentations and incongruity, which made it sort of interesting, yet a genuine importance was behind everything. Albeit numerous terrible things happened to Candide he kept on accepting that they occurred for a valid justification, and that awful things happened to great individuals. We can likewise observe numerous recorded occasions of the time in Candide, similar to the Seven Years' War, and the war among England and France. Additionally Voltaire assaulted the respectability, which he depicted as severe to the lower class individuals, egotistical, and stupid. Voltaire additionally ridiculed religion, which was viewed as an extremely huge thing at the time supposing that the Church was insulted, there could have been intense ramifications for Voltaire. Religion was depicted as degenerate, abusing, and by and large not by any means required. Voltaire was not censuring the Christian convictions yet the entire establishment of the Church, since it constrained religion on to the individuals. Voltaire's Candide is fundamentally a book brimming with analysis on others' convictions on reasoning, religion, and numerous different issues that his general public at the time confronted. Toward the finish of the book Voltaire gave us a few choices in these issues through the activities of his characters. The significant one was that to be content is to be cheerful, and to accomplish this they needed to expel the debasement that governed their lives. History Essays

Ready for some tennis

Ready for some tennis Three days until the US Open officially begins! As an engineer, Ill give some numbers: 125 = number of years the US Open has been around 1,100,000 = prize money for the Mens/Womens tournament winner 4 = number of Grand Slam tournaments, the US Open is one of them (along with the Australian Open, Wimbledon, and French Open) -1998 = last time that any guy won back-to-back US Open titles (Federer won last year, hes looking to win again) Ok, thats enough pretending that I know about tennis I am predicting a Federer vs. Roddick final (would anyone like a wager?) Speaking of Andy Roddick, at the beginning of August, my roommate, Anna, came to visit me and we went to see a semifinal match of the Legg Mason Tennis Classic. We crossed our fingers that we would be able to see Andy and fortunately we did! He played Paradorn Srichaphan, a 26 year-old from Thailand. After the first set, where Andy slammed four straight aces, we got a little worried that we had wasted our money on a blow-out. But luckily Paradorn learned to read Andys serve and the game heated up. In the end, Andy won 7-6, 6-2 (and he later beat James Blake for the championship.) I must note that the action that got the most audience support was not a record breaking serve, but when Andy changed his shirt between sets. Cest la vie. Im including some pictures; some of them were taken at the end of the game as the players were exiting the courts. Unfortunately, we didnt get any signatures, but we were happy just to hear them and see them up close. By the way, if youre interested in playing tennis at MIT, you have plenty of opportunities. Theres a tennis gym class (all levels), mens and womens varsity teams, as well as plenty of intramural teams.

Analyzing The Article Detecting The Snake - 892 Words

In the article â€Å"Detecting the snake in the grass: Attention to fear†relevant stimuli by adults and young children† published by Psychological Science authors Vanessa LoBue and Judy S. DeLoache analyze the evidence that children detect threatening stimuli more promptly than other types of stimuli. In this experiment, adults and children were presented with images with both threatening and non-threatening stimuli. The images were presented on a touch screen and participants were asked to press on the threatening stimuli. The objective of this experiment was to determine whether people could detect stimuli that are evolutionarily pertinent early in life. The hypothesis is that the threatening stimuli will be detected more quickly that the other types of non-threatening stimuli. Three experiments were performed on both adults and children, and both detected snakes more rapidly than the other aspects of the image, including butterflies and frogs. This research study con tributed to psychological research advancement by providing evidence of better visual detection of threatening stimuli due to evolutionary relevance. Moreover, the research findings discussed in the article â€Å"Detecting the snake in the grass: Attention to fear†relevant stimuli by adults and young children† by authors Vanessa LoBue and Judy S. DeLoache relate to human subject research because it is an observational study using both children and adults as participants. Data was collected on the children and adults’Show MoreRelatedLogical Reasoning189930 Words   |  760 Pages.................................................................................................... 46 Locating Unstated Conclusions ......................................................................................................... 50 Detecting Obscure Argumentation ................................................................................................... 54 Descriptions and Explanations .........................................................................................Read More_x000C_Introduction to Statistics and Data Analysis355457 Words   |  1422 Pagesimportance of statistics. Contrived problem situations and artiï ¬ cial data often reinforce this skepticism. A strategy that we have employed successfully to motivate students is to present examples and exercises that involve data extracted from journal articles, newspapers, and other published sources. Most examples and exercises in the book are of this nature; they cover a very wide range of disciplines and subject areas. These include, but are not limited to, health and ï ¬ tness, consumer research, psychologyRead MoreMerger and Acquisition: Current Issues115629 Words   |  463 PagesPalgrave Macmillan for guiding us through the process. We also thank Keith Povey Editorial Services and his staff for the excellent work in editing this manuscript, and thanks also to a handful of anonymous referees who assisted in the selection of articles for this book. GNG KLN xi This page intentionally left blank Notes on the Contributors The Editors Greg N. Gregoriou is Professor of Finance in the School of Business and Economics at State University of New York (Plattsburgh), USARead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesResearch: Dr. Judge’s primary research interests are in (1) personality, moods, and emotions; (2) job attitudes; (3) leadership and influence behaviors; and (4) careers (person–organization fit, career success). Dr. Judge has published more than 140 articles on these and other major topics in journals such as Journal of Organizational Behavior, Personnel Psychology, Academy of Management Journal, Journal of Applied Psychology, European Journal of Personality, and European Journal of Work and OrganizationalRead MoreFundamentals of Hrm263904 Words   |  1056 Pagessupport. Practice the Concepts http://www.wiley.com/college/decenzo COMPREHENSIVE COMPANION WEBSITE INCLUDING: ââ€"   ââ€"   ââ€"   ââ€"   ââ€"   ââ€"   ââ€"   ââ€"   ââ€"   ââ€"   ââ€"   More Cases and Articles BUSINESS EXTRA SELECT Do you use readings or cases in your Human Resource Management class? Business Extra Select (www.wiley.com/college/bxs) enables you to add copyright-cleared articles, cases, and readings from such leading business resources as INSEAD, Ivey, Harvard Business School Cases, Fortune, The Economist, The Wall Street Journal

The Secret Details Regarding Sociology Social Issues That Most People Dont Know About

The Secret Details Regarding Sociology Social Issues That Most People Don't Know About Some might never effect you at all throughout your everyday life. If you're searching to pursue social work as more than an assistant, you're want to earn no less than a bachelor's. You might believe that's excellent, but wonder why you need to care, why you must take some time out of your incredibly busy schedule to take action and furthermore, how you can even go about helping create positive social change. At times, kids can make poor choices and could be too scared to find help. What Does Sociology Social Issues Mean? Classical French sociologist Emile Durkheim was among the very first sociologists to think about the social use of education. Cultural sociology is just one of the most frequently used disciplines of sociology. The book delivers excellent coverage of several of the major debates within the field in a lucid, yet succinct way. When you are given a task to compose an essay on a social issue, you're given a chance to open an exciting discourse. Utilize all you know to reveal your knowledge of the planet, and bring out good old philosophical theories. As stated by the structural perspective, society is regarded as an elaborate system of structures that interact so as to carry out various necessary functions. Lies You've Been Told About Sociology Social Issues A young child might be viewed as a threat to his dominion. Lots of new policies also were put into effect due to the attack. The root cause of social problems is due to unemployment, which is additionally a social problem itself. The ideal solution to a specific problem could be policy change of some type, for example, and the very best route to that may be to mount an advocacy effort directed at officials who can make it occur. T he Tried and True Method for Sociology Social Issues in Step by Step Detail The end result was demoralization of the folks. Drugs like cocaine and opiates offer very limited positive results and are really addictive. The true cause of a problem might not be immediately apparent. When you go searching for reasons and underlying causes for significant difficulties, you will probably find multiple. There are a few important things which you want to know so as to write up an outstanding essay. Also, a couple mistakes must be made for the progress to occur, and everything must be questioned for the answers to appear. Educators recognize that metal detectors alone won't address the issue. Many different reasons could possibly be influencing the issue, in various quantities, all at the exact moment. Drugs are at times the reason for social difficulties. Poverty also impacts the environment. Folks must actively talk about the condition, which then attracts attention from the general public. Poverty is among the key social issues in the world. The social problem of poverty can't be solved by teaching everyone to budget or the way to acquire work interview. To begin with, your essay is supposed to tackle a specific social, psychological or anthropological matter. Population growth is, in addition, the reason for several malnourish children in the Philippines. Migration impacts the size and distribution of the people in a particular area. Density is the amount of people dwelling in a particular geographic place. Issues with the environment are almost directly associated with poverty and difficulties with education. Another social effect of the shortage of education is poverty. The course examines the structure and performance of the family across societies generally and within African societies specifically. There is a particular fragility of revenue and social position in France. Dependent on the record of UNICEF, over fifty percent of the children all around the world are malnourished. So, even when you aren't going into a sociology field, it's still incredibly applicable to your everyday life. There are lots of women entrepreneurs on the planet that are defying social expectations and fulfilling their dreams. The core classes you take will differ based on your program. Throughout the life program, there are social problems related to distinct ages.

Impact of Hrm Practices Free Essays

ijcrb. webs. com MAY 2012 INTERDISCIPLINARY JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY RESEARCH IN BUSINESS VOL 4, NO 1 Impact of HR Practices on Employee Job Satisfaction in Public Sector Organizations of Pakistan Muhammad Javed Faculty of Administrative Sciences Air University Islamabad, Pakistan Muhammad Rafiq (Corresponding Author) Faculty of Administrative Sciences Air University Islamabad, Pakistan Islamabad, 44000, Federal, Pakistan. We will write a custom essay sample on Impact of Hrm Practices or any similar topic only for you Order Now Maqsood Ahmed Faculty of Administrative Sciences Air University Islamabad, Pakistan Mustajab Khan MS Scholar Muhammad Ali Jinnah University Islamabad, Pakistan Abstract A lot of research has been done on the relationship of HR Practices and employee job satisfaction but the main focus and theme behind those research studies has been the developed countries. The purpose of this study is to observe the relationship between three HR Practices i. e. (Training and Development, Rewards, Recognition) and the employee job satisfaction in the public sector organizations of a developing country, Pakistan. Data has been collected from the employees of various public sector organizations and then regression and correlation have been applied to check the relationship between the dependent and independent variables. Recognition and training and development are a key source of employee job satisfaction in Public sector organizations of Pakistan but rewards do not have any significant impact upon employee job satisfaction. Key Words: Training and development; Rewards; Recognition; Job satisfaction; Pakistan Introduction A lot of researchers have found that HR Practices are positively linked with employee job satisfaction (Wright et al. 2003; Spector, 1997; Huselid 1995); Petrescu Simmons, 2008). The aim and main focus of these studies have been developed countries. The eyes did not COPY RIGHT  © 2012 Institute of Interdisciplinary Business Research 348 ijcrb. webs. com MAY 2012 INTERDISCIPLINARY JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY RESEARCH IN BUSINESS VOL 4, NO 1 turn towards developing countries li ke Pakistan in a great deal. (Aycan et al. 2000) found that so far very little research has been conducted in the field of HR Practices i. e. Training and development, Rewards and Recognition in Pakistan which shows that this particular field still has a lot of space for further research. The main theme of this particular research is to observe the relationship between HR Practices (Training and development, Rewards, Recognition) and Employee Job Satisfaction in public sector organizations of Pakistan. These HR Practices are also known as key drivers of employee performance. Training and development is one of the key elements of employee job satisfaction because it reduces the discrepancies in job tasks and enhances the job skills which in result motivates the employees and lead towards job satisfaction. Employees get extremely motivated through rewards and recognition and these two factors lead towards employee motivation and research shows that highly motivated employees are the most satisfied employees and also the high performers. This study is extremely significant as it is a big insight for the public sector organizations of Pakistan. Normally managers don’t focus upon the relationship of rewards and job satisfaction, recognition and job satisfaction or training and development and job satisfaction. So this study will enable them to make a better strategy in terms of employee job satisfaction and to focus upon those HR practices which actually are the source of job satisfaction for employees. Every individual employee wants satisfaction at job but organization is wasting its resources by focusing on wrong HR practices for employee job satisfaction. This study could be an eye opener for many organizations and may well prove to be a very productive one. Pakistan is one of those countries where people working in the public sector organizations are often not sure about the job satisfaction level. The unsatisfied employees of public sector organizations, when switch to private sector i. e. MNE’s, they have been observed to be much COPY RIGHT  © 2012 Institute of Interdisciplinary Business Research 349 ijcrb. webs. com MAY 2012 INTERDISCIPLINARY JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY RESEARCH IN BUSINESS VOL 4, NO 1 more satisfied, therefore it is very important for the managers to know which HR Practices keep them satisfied and how much important role rewards, recognition and training and development have regarding employee job satisfaction. This study can be very fruitful for HR Managers of Public sector organizations in Pakistan as they would get a very clear idea about the relationship of three important HR Practices and employee job satisfaction and as a result can have much more productive employees and a decreased turn over rate in their organizations. Literature Review HR Practices HR Practices are linked with the management of human resources, activities necessary for staffing the organization and sustaining high employee performance (Mahmood, 2004). The most common HR Practices are recruitment, selection, training and development, compensation, rewards and recognition (Yeganeh Su, 2008). Six HR practices selective hiring, compensation policy, rewards, recognition, training and development and information sharing have been studied with relation to employee job satisfaction (Dessler, 2007). The present study examines the relationship between three HR Practices i. e training and development, rewards, recognition and employee job satisfaction. Job Satisfaction Job satisfaction means what are the feelings of different employees about the different dimensions of their jobs (Robbins, 2003). The level of satisfaction and dissatisfaction is another aspect which is related to employee job satisfaction (Spector, 1997). Job satisfaction may be the general behavior emerged due to different happenings at the work place; it may be supervisor’s behavior, relationship with peers or the work environment (Janet, 1987) . Various factors such as an employee needs and desires, social relationships, job design, compensation, developmental opportunities and aspects of work-life balance are 350 COPY RIGHT  © 2012 Institute of Interdisciplinary Business Research ijcrb. webs. com MAY 2012 INTERDISCIPLINARY JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY RESEARCH IN BUSINESS VOL 4, NO 1 considered to be some of the key factors of job satisfaction (Byars Rue, 1997; Moorhead Griffin, 1999). According to (Robbins 1999), a satisfied workforce can increase organizational productivity through less distraction caused by absenteeism or turnover, few incidences of destructive behavior, and low medical costs. Training and Development Training is focusing on fixing a specific issue (Doyle, 1997). Training often answers the question â€Å"what happens if† Development on the other hand takes a more global approach. Training is related with current performance and progress of an employee while development is related with the future performance and progress (Miller, 2006). Training is anything offering learning experience (Paul Anantharaman, 2003) Training helps employees is more specific with their job and organization and as a result increases employee job satisfaction and makes them work better. H1: Training and development is significantly and positively related with employee job satisfaction. Recognition Recognition is appreciation of employee’s performance in formal or an informal way. Recognition is one of the driving force towards motivating employees, it also highlights how much an employee’s performance is appreciated in an organization for the amount of work he/she has put in (Miller Lawson, 1999). Recognition maintains a strong bond between motivation and performance and as a result the level of motivation of employee’s stays very high almost all the time (Flynn, 1998). Recognition increases level of job satisfaction and satisfied employees are a valuable asset for any organization (Entwistle, 1997). Recognition is often considered to be of two major types, cash and non-cash awards. Different sectors need different ways of recognition to be applied, some sectors or segments of population may like cash and prizes to be a easy and better way of motivation while others may like non-cash COPY RIGHT  © 2012 Institute of Interdisciplinary Business Research 351 ijcrb. webs. com MAY 2012 INTERDISCIPLINARY JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY RESEARCH IN BUSINESS VOL 4, NO 1 awards because they feel that if cash is to be given as recognition than they already have salaries and other bonuses which get consumed very quickly (Holmes, 1994) . H2: Recognition is significantly and positively related with employee job satisfaction. Rewards Rewards are usually referred to as intangible returns including cash compensation and benefits. Reward system is set of mechanisms for distributing both tangible and intangible returns as part of an employment relationship (Rue Byars, 1992). Rewards are also termed as the need of an employee because when reward will be linked with the employee’s desire it will motivate him/her to a very high level (Kalleberg, 1977). It certainly shows that what an employee wants after performing a certain task. It has been revealed in the past researches that rewards are very strongly correlated with job satisfaction. Rewards are positively linked to employee job satisfaction (Gerald Dorothee, 2004). Their research extracted one important element that employees are more satisfied with those rewards that they actually perceive. (Clifford, 1985) argues that employee Job satisfaction may be determined through job rewards. There are a lot of differences between different authors related to the dimensions of rewards and employee job satisfaction but one thing upon which almost all agree upon is the element of rewards that are perceived by employees (Kalleberg, 1997). H3: Rewards are significantly and positively related to employee job satisfaction. COPY RIGHT  © 2012 Institute of Interdisciplinary Business Research 352 ijcrb. webs. com MAY 2012 INTERDISCIPLINARY JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY RESEARCH IN BUSINESS Theoretical Model of the Study VOL 4, NO 1 INDEPENDENT VARIABLES DEPENDANT VARIABLE Training and Development Recognition Employee Job Satisfaction Rewards Methodology The population for this study was public sector organizations of Pakistan, (ZTBL, NDC, SME Bank ltd). 180 questionnaires were distributed to get response of employees while 140 useful responses were received back (77%). Convenient sampling had been used to gather data. The scale used for this research is highly reliable as it has been related to scales of many past researches. This questionnaire checks the impact of HR Practices (Training and development, rewards, recognition) on employee’s job satisfaction. Relationship of HR Practices and job satisfaction has been tested on a 17 items scale. All the items of scale have been taken from renowned past researche studies (Clifford, 1985) job satisfaction, (Rogg, Schmidt, Shull Schmitt, 2001) training and development (beer, 1987) recognition, (Spector, 1995) rewards. COPY RIGHT  © 2012 Institute of Interdisciplinary Business Research 53 ijcrb. webs. com MAY 2012 INTERDISCIPLINARY JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY RESEARCH IN BUSINESS VOL 4, NO 1 Job satisfaction has been measured through a 3 item scale, training and development has been measured through 6 items scale, and 4 items have measured recognition while another 4 items have measured rewards. Questionnaires were filled under our personal supervi sion. The statistical tests were applied upon the data through statistical software SPSS. Degree of association was measured by using Pearson coefficient. Causal relationship between HR Practices and job satisfaction was estimated by using Regression analysis. According to the data collected the respondent’s average age for 25 or below segment is 31. 4, for 26-35 is 26. 4, for 36-45 is 30. 0 and 46 or above segment is 12. 1; 55. 7% of the respondents are male while 44. 3% are female. The detail description of demographics is given in table 1. Table: 1 Demographic profile of respondents Sr # No 1 Age Indicators Categories 25 or below 26-35 36-45 46 or above 2 Gender Male Female 3 Nature of Job Permanent Temporary Contract 4 Income level 25,000 or below 26,000-35,000 36,000-45,000 46,000 or above Frequency 44 61 17 18 78 62 68 63 09 44 37 42 17 Percentage 31. 43. 6 12. 1 12. 9 55. 7 44. 3 48. 6 45. 0 6. 40 31. 4 26. 4 30. 0 12. 1 COPY RIGHT  © 2012 Institute of Interdisciplinary Business Research 354 ijcrb. webs. com MAY 2012 INTERDISCIPLINARY JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY RESEARCH IN BUSINESS Data Analysis and Results Reliability Analysis VOL 4, NO 1 Cronbach alpha is the tool used to check the reliability of any scale. According to the statistical analysis the value of cronbach alpha ranges between 0. 698-0. 847. Normally 0. 6 is the minimum acceptable range for cronbach alpha. The overall reliability of scale items is found to be 0. 92. the detailed description of the value of cronbach alpha is given in table 2. Table: 2 Cronbach Alpha of Scale Items Construct/variable Job satisfaction Training and development Recognition Rewards Number of items 3 6 4 4 Cronbach alpha 0. 698 0. 824 0. 760 0. 847 Correlation Correlation analysis has been carried out to check the extent to which two quantitative variables vary together, including the strength and direction of their relationship. The strength of the relationship refers to the extent, to which one variable predicts the other; it can be observed in table 3. Table: 3 Correlations Satisfaction Job Satisfaction Training dev Recognition Reward Correlation Correlation Correlation Correlation 1 . 469(**) . 650(**) . 684(**) 1 . 550(**) . 615(**) 1 . 952(**) 1 Training Recognition Reward As shown in the above table, training and development, recognition and rewards all are found to be positively correlated with dependent variable job satisfaction. The value (r= . 469) suggests that training and development is positively correlated with job satisfaction, (r= . 650) COPY RIGHT  © 2012 Institute of Interdisciplinary Business Research 355 ijcrb. webs. com MAY 2012 INTERDISCIPLINARY JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY RESEARCH IN BUSINESS VOL 4, NO 1 shows that recognition is also positively correlated with job satisfaction and (r= . 684) shows that rewards are also positively correlated with job satisfaction. Correlation analysis showed that there is positive relationship between job satisfaction and independent variables. Table: 4 Regression Analyses Model 1 R . 710(a) R Square . 504 Adjusted R Square . 493 Std. Error of the Estimate . 26238 Table: 5 Coefficients (a) Standardized Variables Unstandardized Coefficients B (Constant) Training Recognition Reward . 25 . 266 . 088 . 443 Std. Error . 343 . 085 . 205 . 206 . 243 . 086 . 453 Coefficients Beta 2. 696 3. 145 . 430 2. 147 . 008 . 002 . 668 . 034 t Sig. As shown in the above table of coefficients (a), training and development is positively affecting the dependent variable job satisfaction as the beta value is (. 266). It is shown in the table that recognition also has a positive effect on the job satisfaction, represented by beta value (. 088) and rewards also have positive effect on the job satisfaction, represented by beta value (. 443). Independent variables, training and development and rewards are having a positive and significant relationship with the dependent variable but recognition is not having a significant relationship. The value of R square is . 504 which means that 50. 4% variation in dependent variable can be explained by independent variables. On the basis of above analysis, hypotheses 1 and 3 are accepted but hypothesis 2 has been rejected. Previous researches had shown the same results. COPY RIGHT  © 2012 Institute of Interdisciplinary Business Research 356 ijcrb. webs. com MAY 2012 INTERDISCIPLINARY JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY RESEARCH IN BUSINESS Table: 6 Hypotheses Testing Hypotheses H1: Training and development is significantly and positively related with employee job satisfaction. H2: Recognition is significantly and positively related with employee job satisfaction. VOL 4, NO 1 Result Accepted Rejected H3: Rewards are significantly and positively related to employee job satisfaction Accepted Conclusion and Future Recommendations The findings of this research can be implemented in different ways in public sector organizations of Pakistan. First of all training and development has a weak correlation with employee job satisfaction which clearly indicates that training and development is not a strong driver of job satisfaction in public sector organizations of Pakistan. Therefore serious amount of consideration should be given to this aspect. Before allocating any sort of training activities to employees training need analysis should be conducted so that managers should exactly know that which kind of training should be given to employee. If employee will feel training to be interesting and is according to the need of an employee than employees will actively participate in trainings and that training will be much more productive and source of satisfaction for employees. Employees will not only learn more but they will also exhibit the learned skills at the workplace as well which will enhance the employee performance and that will lead towards enhancement of organizational performance and then organizations will have satisfied employees. Rewards and recognition are both strongly correlated with employee job satisfaction which is an indication that how important employees perceive rewards and recognition for them in the public sector organizations of Pakistan. Rewards and recognition are both very useful and recognized tool of employee job satisfaction but both these variables act other way around if COPY RIGHT  © 2012 Institute of Interdisciplinary Business Research 357 ijcrb. webs. com MAY 2012 INTERDISCIPLINARY JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY RESEARCH IN BUSINESS VOL 4, NO 1 here is no equity. So it is very important for managers in public sector organizations to eliminate discrimination while giving rewards or recognition. Pakistan is a developing country and employees of public sector organizations love to get rewards as compared to recognition, monitory rewards are of great importance because past researches show that monitory benefits for employees of public sector organizations of developing countries have great sig nificance towards job satisfaction and this study also supports this particular argument. This is why the analysis of data shows that rewards are extremely significant but recognition is not. Future researchers need to study the relationship of job satisfaction and other HR practices in relation with public sector organizations of Pakistan. When other HR practices will also be investigated that will provide a very clear and broader picture to managers and it will be very easy for them to decide that which factors lead towards job satisfaction and which do not in public sector organizations of Pakistan. The in-depth analysis of compensation, promotion and performance evaluation practices can be very fruitful for the managers of public sector organizations and those studies will certainly increase the profitability and level of job satisfaction of employees. COPY RIGHT  © 2012 Institute of Interdisciplinary Business Research 358 ijcrb. webs. com MAY 2012 INTERDISCIPLINARY JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY RESEARCH IN BUSINESS References: VOL 4, NO 1 Ahmad , I. , Khalil , M. I. , (2007). Human resource planning in the banking sector of Bangladesh: A comparative study between public private bank. Journal of Business Administration, 33, (3). 23-42. Ali, R. , Ahmed, M. S. (2009). The impact of reward and recognition programs on employee’s motivation and satisfaction: an empirical study. International Review of Business Research Papers, 5(4), 270-279. AmbaRao, S. C. , Petrick, J. A. , Gupta, N. D. , Von der Embse, T. J. (2000). Comparative performance appraisal practices and management values among foreign and domestic firms in India. International Journal of Human Resource Management, 11 (1), 60-89. Aycan, Z. (2006). Human resource management in Turkey. In P. Budhwar K. Mellahi (Eds. ). Managing human resources in the Middle East 12(1), 160-180. Aycan, Z. , Kanungo, R. N. , Mendonca, M. , Yu, K. , Deller, J. , Stahl, G. and Kurshid, A. (2000). Impact of Culture on Human Resource Management Practices. An International Review, 49(1), 192-221. Blum, M. L, and Naylor, J. C (1968), Industrial Psychology: Its Theoretical and Social Foundation, Harper Row, New Yark NK. COPY RIGHT  © 2012 Institute of Interdisciplinary Business Research 359 ijcrb. webs. com MAY 2012 INTERDISCIPLINARY JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY RESEARCH IN BUSINESS VOL 4, NO 1 Carmen C, Jose GM (2008). The role of technological and organizational innovation in the relation between market orientation and performance in cultural organizations. Europ. J. Inn. Manage. 11(3), 413-434. Clifford JM (1985). The Relative Importance of Intrinsic and Extrinsic Rewards as Determinants of Work Satisfaction, Soc. Quart. , 26(3): 365-385. Clifford JM (1985). The relative importance of intrinsic and extrinsic rewards as determinants of work satisfaction, Journal of Sociology, 26(3), 365-385. Dessler , G. , Human resource management. New Delhi: Prentice Hall of India Private Limited, 2007. Doyle, M. , (1997). Management development, in Beardwell, I. nd Holden, L. eds Human Resource Management: A Contemporary Perspective,. London: Pitman. Garcia, M. , (2005). Training and business performance: The Spanish case. International Journal of Human Resource Management, 16, 1691-1710. Gould-Williams, J. (2003). The importance of HR practices and workplace trust in achieving superior performance: a study of public-sector organizations, International Journal of Human Resource Management, 14(1), 28-54. COPY RIGHT  © 2012 Institute of Interdisciplinary Business Research 360 ijcrb. webs. com MAY 2012 INTERDISCIPLINARY JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY RESEARCH IN BUSINESS VOL 4, NO 1 Huselid, M. A. (1995). The impact of human resource management practices on turnover, productivity and corporate financial performance, Academy of Management Journal, 38(3), 635-672. Huselid, M. A. (1995). The impact of human resource management practices on turnover, productivity and corporate financial performance, Academy of Management Journal, 38(3), 635-672. Janet L, Bokemeier JL, Bokeimer WBL, (1987). Job values, rewards, and work conditions as factors in job satisfaction among men and women, Soc. Quart. , 28(2): 189-204. Kalleberg A, L, (1977). Work values and job rewards: a theory of job satisfaction, Am. Sociol. Rev. , 42: 124-143. Mahmood , M. H. , The institutional context of human resource management: Case studies of multinational subsidiaries in Bangladesh. Unpublished doctoral thesis, University of Manchester, Miller, D. , 2006. Strategic human resource management in department stores: An historical perspective, Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, forthcoming. Petrescu , A. I. , Simmons , R. , Human resource management practices and workers’ job satisfaction. International Journal of Manpower, Vol. 29, No. 7, pp. 651-667, 2008. COPY RIGHT  © 2012 Institute of Interdisciplinary Business Research 361 ijcrb. webs. com MAY 2012 INTERDISCIPLINARY JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY RESEARCH IN BUSINESS VOL 4, NO 1 Robbins, S. P. (2003). Essentials of organizational behavior 7 ed. Upper Saddle River,New Jersey: Pearson Education, Inc. Rogg, K. L. , Schmidt, D. B. , Shull, C. Schmitt, N. (2001). Human resources practices, organizational climate and customer satisfaction. Journal of Management, 27, 431–449. Rue, L. W. , Byars, L. L. (1992). Management skills and application 6 ed. New Jersey: Prentice-Hall International. Skinner, B. F. (1953). Science and Human Behavior. New York: Free Press. Herzberg, F. , Mausner, B. , Snyderman, B. B. (1959). The motivation to work. New York: John Wiley Sons. 14(1), 20-32. Spector, P. (1997), Job Satisfaction: Application, Assessment, Cause and Consequences, Sage Publications, London, Spector, P. E, (1995), Job Satisfaction: Application, Assessment, Causes and Consequences, Sage, Thousand Oaks, CA. UK, 2004. Vansteenkiste, M. , Deci, E. L. (2003). Competitively contingent rewards and intrinsic motivation: Can losers remain motivated?. Psychological Review, 14. 370-396. Wright, P. M. , Garden, T. M. and Moynihan, L. M. (2003). The impact of HR practices on the performance of business units, Human Resource Management Journal, 13(3), 21-36. COPY RIGHT  © 2012 Institute of Interdisciplinary Business Research 362 ijcrb. webs. com MAY 2012 INTERDISCIPLINARY JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY RESEARCH IN BUSINESS VOL 4, NO 1 Wright, P. M. , Gardner, T. M. , Moynihan, L. M. (2003). The impact of HR practices on the performance of business units. Human Resource Management Journal, 13(1), 21–36. Yeganeh , H. , S , Z. , An Examination of human resource management practices in Iranian public sector. Personnel Review, Vol. 37, No. 2, pp. 203-221, 2008 COPY RIGHT  © 2012 Institute of Interdisciplinary Business Research 363 How to cite Impact of Hrm Practices, Essay examples

The Globalisation Issue In The Hospitality Industry Tourism Essay Essay Example

The Globalisation Issue In The Hospitality Industry Tourism Essay Essay Globalization is a cardinal issueA for theA cordial reception industry. Identify and review up to three impacts ofA globalization on the cordial reception industry and discuss schemes that hotel companies may implement to turn to globalization. AbstractA Globalisation is going increasing of import these old ages in international hotel industry. In this essay, a literature reappraisal has been conducted to place 3 impacts ofA globalization on the cordial reception industry. When hotels flag their belongingss in a new state, they must place their merchandises and services in order to accommodate the civilization traditions of that state. Thinking planetary and moving local ( glocal ) is critical scheme for no affair large or little hotel companies. Besides the glocal scheme, distinction scheme is besides utile for hotel companies to go competitory in the planetary environment. We will write a custom essay sample on The Globalisation Issue In The Hospitality Industry Tourism Essay specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Globalisation Issue In The Hospitality Industry Tourism Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Globalisation Issue In The Hospitality Industry Tourism Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Hall ( 1997 ) indicates that globalisation has become a cardinal construct in concern, economic and political activities since 1990s. The cordial reception industry is frequently regarded as one of the most global in the service industry ( Litteljohn, 1997 ) . Nowadays, more and more people are going around the universe, when they are far from their place they need a topographic point to remain, a bed to kip, nutrient to eat. They might stop up taking hotels. This is where the cordial reception industry comes into drama ( Frink, 2009 ) ; this is why hotels are everyplace. Due to the fast addition of touristry and concern activities around the Earth, in every corner of the universe, there must be hotels such as Hilton, Marriot, and Westin. Go amp ; Pine ( 1995 ) province that the cordial reception industry is a subsector of the travel and touristry sector, and one of the most quickly spread outing Fieldss in the service sector. This article is traveling to place and reexamine 3 impa cts of globalization on the cordial reception industry. And discuss schemes that hotel companies may implement including standardization and localization of function schemes and distinction schemes when they enter into the globalization. Frink ( 2009 ) described globalization as the procedure of companies developing their concern or operations overseas. It has several impacts on the cordial reception industry. First of wholly, it forces hotel companies to take best locations all over the universe to spread out their belongingss. Location is indispensable to a hotel, no affair whose mark market is concern travellers or tourers. Johnson A ; Vanetti ( 2005 ) province that the size and nature of the topographic point in which the hotel is located are seen to be the most of import factor for large or little ironss. The celebrated touristry finishs and CBD of a metropolis are the best pick for hotel groups to develop their belongingss. However, when those countries are non in their ain state, or when they want to flag their hotels every bit many as possible, hotels have to globalize. There is a good illustration of how a good location can profit a hotel s concern. Hyatt group has one hotel in Shanghai which name is Grand Hyatt Shanghai, it is located in the Centre of the Lujiazui concern territory, and occupies 53rd to 87th floors of the Jin Mao Tower edifice ( Hyatt, 2010 ) . Jin Mao Tower edifice is a concern edifice as celebrated in Shanghai as the World Trade Center in New York. There are many 500 luck companies in this edifice, when those large and affluent companies have employees or clients come from other universe to see Shanghai, Hyatt is the first hotel on their list. This is portion of the ground why Grand Hyatt ever has the highest RevPAR ( gross per available room ) in Shanghai. Reversely, incorrect location will take hotels to failure. For illustration, The Ritz-Carlton Lake Las Vegas closed onA May 2, 2010 after several old ages struggle, this was the first clip for the reputable Ritz-Carlton trade name and this negative record will hold necessarily impact on this trade name in the hereafter. Ritz-Carlton Lake Las Vegas locates in the suburb of Las Vegas, though it was a epicurean and high-end resort hotel, people come to Vegas for a much more exciting and lively holiday ( Hernandez, 2010 ) . The following impact of globalization is economic sciences, which is besides really of import. There is merely so much of the market portion a hotel company can acquire by remaining local or in their ain state. Frink ( 2009 ) states that globalization enables hotel companies to spread out their concern to other states to derive extra market portion. The more belongingss the hotel group has, the more clients it might hold, therefore the more chances for them to derive more net income. Frink besides states that many hotel companies go planetary chiefly because they desire to accomplish a larger client base. Ohmae ( 1989 ) claimed that large companies must go more planetary if they want to vie, they must see the whole universe as one individual borderless market place ( as cited in Vignali, 2001 ) . Most large hotel group such as Intercontinental, Marriott, Hilton and Hyatt are lasting even when economic crises come because they have globalized. Harmonizing to Hotels Giants Survey 200 8, Intercontinental has hotel in 100 states, which is the most, followed by Starwood, which has constitutions in 95 states and Accor has hotels in 90 states. A great figure of hotel companies are forced to globalise in order to stay competitory, otherwise they can non last, and they should ever spread out their concern to do advancement and maintain gait with the competition. By and large talking, the more topographic points of concern that a hotel company has, the better opportunities for the hotel company to be successful in the cordial reception industry ( Frink, 2009 ) . In footings of cost economic systems, measure purchasing can ever cut down buying cost, that s why many international hotel companies set up their cardinal procurance section to subscribe planetary contracts with providers and do the centralized purchasingA for their several constitutions in the interim maintain the same criterion. The 3rd impact of globalization on the cordial reception industry is civilization. The universe is a planetary small town and difference topographic points have different civilization and traditions. Frink ( 2009 ) mentioned that globalization makes hotel companies adapt different civilization and change their attacks when they enter a new state. Expansion to a state with wholly different civilization is a large hazard to most hotel companies, they must see the different civilizations in the finish image of the topographic points, what cuisine the locals or indigens have and what types of nutrients are out due to the faith or jurisprudence when they are seeking to sell their merchandises. Frink ( 2009 ) besides mentioned that hotel companies must understand the difference in currency and the difference in linguistic communication. For illustration, Hilton Tokyo Bay Hotel located in Japan can non hold excessively many English talking front office receptionists, who can non talk Nippon ese, in order to function local Nipponese invitees. There must be person there who knows how to talk Nipponese to efficaciously function the invitees. And they will hold local employees who understand the local civilization and talk the native linguistic communication to function the native invitees. Frink indicated that globalization forces companies adapt different cultural positions ; if a company refuses to accommodate it might lose. Globalisation besides brings civilization diverseness to the industry, which is ever a positive thing and it besides brings hotel companies more understanding of the positions of different civilizations, which help them to make better. Besides those above three impacts, Frink ( 2009 ) besides mentioned other impacts, for illustration, globalization in cordial reception industry has created more occupation chances help with the growing and stableness of the cordial reception industry. When hotel companies entered into globalization, it really becomes endurance of the fittest. Strong concerns will last and go stronger and the weak 1s will be eliminated and fade off. Frink ( 2009 ) states that globalization requires seting and rating of assorted factors. Harvey ( 2007 ) indicated that hotel companies need to maintain the same criterion in each and every constitution because client trueness will depend on whether a hotel can present the trade name promise systematically throughout their hotel experience. In the average clip, the companies need to believe appropriate ways to show their merchandises to different civilizations, which means they truly must utilize and equilibrate the standardization and localization of function schemes. Rutihinda A ; Elimimian ( 2002 ) indicated that standardization requires operations with resolute stability, supplying same things in the same manner everyplace, while localization of function demands seting of merchandises and pattern s in every individual topographic point. It is non so easy to equilibrate the two precisely opposite schemes. However, both of them are every bit of import. In another word, hotel companies must believe planetary and act local . This construct is going progressively critical for hotel companies no affair large or little, to stay competitory. The term glocalisation used by Salazar ( 2005 ) absolutely expresses the construct think planetary and act local , it helps one to take clasp of the many interconnectednesss between the standardization and the localization of function schemes. Peters and Frehse ( 2005 ) stated that already in the 1970s international hotel companies tried to utilize standardization scheme in their services with an appropriate consistence in footings of quality. Whitla et Al. ( 2007 ) province that standardization makes a hotel trade name recognizable and that is what people are looking for, the consistence and the predictability particularly for concern travellers. However, Whitla et Al. ( 2007 ) besides mentioned that hotel ironss need to equilibrate the proviso of a standardised degree of service and comfortss with clients gustatory sensations or penchants in some grade of local version. Frink ( 2009 ) found hotel companies, when they decide to globalize into foreign states, are faced with many barriers to get the better of, such as linguistic communication, support, competition, and cultural differences Sometimes it is really difficult for a hotel company to come in a new state, particularly when the new county has a wholly different ci vilization and tradition. For illustration, intoxicant is forbidden in muslin societies, Indians do nt eat beef, gaming is illegal in many states. Whitla et Al. ( 2007 ) believe that version is required for many grounds including consumer involvements, Torahs, civilization and traditions. For case, hotels in western states frequently rely on adjustment grosss to do net income, whereas hotels in Asia count on nutrient charges. Asiatic hotels hence need to concentrate more on offer more and larger restaurant mercantile establishments, aiming local diners every bit good as nightlong foreign invitees. Rutihinda A ; Elimimian ( 2002 ) mentioned that many hotel companies who localised their selling schemes and merchandises have been successful. However, some others fail due to their applications of incorrect execution schemes and insensitiveness to the consumer civilization of the state. Czinkota A ; Ronnenken ( 1995 ) emphasized that glocalisation in the selling programs is indispens able and critical to accommodate local gustatory sensations, to run into particular demands and consumers non-identical demands ( as cited in Vignali, 2001 ) . Besides, some clients, particularly tourers are looking for local spirit in hotels ( Armstrong et al. , 1997 ) , which means hotels design could reflect the finish image ( Hawkins, 2007 ) . In term of this, the celebrated 7-star hotel Burj Al Arab has got great success, the hotel were designed in the form of a billowing Arabian dhow canvas, it represents a important testimonial to the state s navigation heritage ( Jumeirah, neodymium ) . It has already become the icon of Dubai, the finish image of Dubai, and the hotel itself became the tourer attractive force of the state. Besides hotel design, Heide et Al. ( 2007 ) believes hotel atmosphere is besides really of import portion of the glocalisation , because atmosphere is a cardinal success factor that is straight linked to fiscal effects. It is deserving adverting that Human resource direction ( HRM ) besides needs to utilize glocalisation scheme in the cordial reception industry. HRM sections are the spinal column of every organisation ; they must larn and understand the employee rights and Torahs for non merely their place companies, but for all of their constitutions around the universe. Different states have different employee rights and labour Torahs. Frink ( 2009 ) states the cordial reception industry Human resource directors must be really careful of these employee rights and labour Torahs or it could be those hotels 1000000s in mulcts and punishments. Nowadays many hotels are localised in term of staffing. Local staff members know their ain civilization really good and they can talk local linguistic communication to function local invitees while holding multilingual staff is better to function the invitees from all over the universe. Harvey ( 2007 ) mentioned it is ever good to hold staff from different cou nties which brings diverseness, but they have different beliefs, background, imposts and traditions. How to believe planetary and act local when covering civilization differences is a challenge that HR directors need to suppress. Sometimes hotels glocalisation schemes are still non plenty, particularly for the intent to pull leisure invitees. Ghemawat ( 1991 ) stated that when tourers travel to another topographic point to pass a holiday, they want to see difference and seek something new. Otherwise they lose merriment when they stay at the hotel. Nowadays the planetary competitions between hotels are acquiring fiercer ; some hotel companies are utilizing distinction schemes in order to win. Rutihinda A ; Elimimian ( 2002 ) stated that distinction scheme is based on the ability to supply invitees with distinguishable merchandises or services. Ghemawat ( 1991 ) stated that these particular and typical properties make them unique in the eyes of their invitees ( as cited in Rutihinda A ; Elimimian, 2002 ) . For illustration, there is a hotel in America called Dog Bark Park Inn , the hotel looks like a elephantine beagle. Guests slumber and have breakfast in the organic structure of the beagle. For another illustration, in German there is a hotel which name is Alcatraz Hotel , it used to be a prison, the proprietor kept the original spirit of the edifice, so every guestroom is like a cell, and the lavatory is merely following to the bed. Guests besides get striped pyjama alternatively of a normal bath robe which makes them look like captives, the lone difference between this hotel and a existent prison is seem like invitees can go forth it whenever they want. The more particular one is a hotel made of existent ice, it sounds incredible but it is true, it s called the Ice Hotel in Canada, this hotel has become world- celebrated for winter experience. The architecture of the hotel including graphics and furniture carved form ice blocks. Most invitees believe this hotel is astonishing and beautiful and the experience is particular and gratifying. These successful narratives have told us, the hotelkeepers must non merely believe and move glocal , but besides think difference . In decision, Globalisation has become a cardinal issueA for theA cordial reception industry. It is the procedure of hotel companies spread outing their concern or operations to foreign markets, and taking their concern to new highs. This literature reappraisal addressed three impacts ofA globalization on the cordial reception industry including location, economic sciences and civilization. Globalisation enables hotel companies to take locations all over the universe to spread out their concern. If concerns expand, the cordial reception industry will spread out with it. Globalisation helps hotel companies to derive other market portion and therefore derive more net income and cut down buying cost through measure purchasing or centralized buying. Besides globalization besides causes hotel companies to see different civilizations and traditions when they enter a new state and convey civilization diverseness into the industry which is ever a positive thing. When hotel enter into globali zation, they should utilize standardization and localization of function schemes which means they should maintain the same criterion in footings of service and quality while changing their service and merchandise to accommodate to the different civilization and traditions. The construct Thinking planetary and moving local ( or intelligent glocal ) is indispensable for hotel companies development. Besides, utilizing distinction schemes is besides a good manner to go competitory. Differentiation scheme is about supplying invitees with distinguishable merchandises or services. These alone and typical properties make them attractive in the eyes of their invitees.

5 Reasons Not to Homeschool Your Child

5 Reasons Not to Homeschool Your Child If you’re considering home education, it’s important to weigh the pros and cons of homeschooling seriously. While there are many positive reasons to homeschool, it isn’t the best fit for every family. Consider the following five reasons to not homeschool to help you carefully examine your personal motives and available resources before making this decision. Sometimes a lack of personal motivation is revealed when potential homeschooling parents consider their curriculum choices. They don’t want their children in public school for a variety of reasons, but they also don’t really want to take on the responsibility for their childrens education. I’m looking for something he can do on his own, they say or, â€Å"I’m just too busy to spend a lot of time on this.† 1. Husband and Wife Are Not in Agreement About Homeschooling No matter how much you want to home educate your children, it will not work for your family if you don’t have your spouse’s support. You may be the one preparing and teaching the lessons, but you will need the support of your husband  (or wife), both emotionally and financially. Also, your children will be much less likely to cooperate if they don’t sense a united front from mom and dad. If your spouse is unsure about homeschooling, consider the possibility of a trial year. Then, look for ways to get the non-teaching parent involved so that he sees the benefits firsthand. 2. You Haven’t Taken the Time to Count the Cost There are obvious financial costs of homeschooling, but many would-be homeschooling parents dont consider the personal cost. Don’t  rush into the decision to homeschool  because your friends are doing it, or because it sounds like fun. (Even though it can definitely be a lot of fun!). You must have a personal conviction and commitment that will carry you through the days when you want to pull your hair out. For the sake of your family, your reasoning must supersede your emotions. 3. You Are Not Willing to Learn Patience and Perseverance Homeschooling is a personal sacrifice of time and energy based on love. It takes careful planning and a willingness to go the distance. You will not have the luxury of allowing your feelings to dictate whether or to not to homeschool on a particular day. As time goes on, you will be stretched, challenged, and discouraged. You will doubt yourself, your choices, and your sanity. Those thoughts and emotions seem to be universal among homeschooling parents. You don’t have to have superhuman patience to begin homeschooling, but you do have to be willing to develop patience, with both yourself and your children. 4. You Are Unable or Unwilling to Live on One Income To give your children the kind of education they deserve, you will probably need to plan on being home full-time. Often the teaching parent who tries to work while homeschooling finds herself stretched in too many directions and tends to burn out. If you are planning to hold even a part-time job while teaching school, especially K-6, you may be better off choosing to not homeschool. When your children are older, they are more likely to be more independent and self-disciplined in their studies, allowing the teaching parent to consider working outside the home. Carefully consider with your spouse what changes are necessary to make your school a priority. If you must homeschool and work outside the home, there are ways to do so successfully. Talk with your partner and potential caregivers to develop a plan to make it work. 5. You Are Not Willing to Be Involved in Your Children’s Education If your current idea of home educating is choosing a curriculum that your children can do by themselves while you monitor their progress from a distance, you may want to consider not homeschooling. That scenario might work depending on how independent a learner each child is, but even if they can handle it, you will be missing out on so much. That doesnt mean never using workbooks; some children love them. Workbooks can be beneficial for independent study when you are teaching multiple children at different levels. However, homeschooling parents who plan hands-on activities to blend into their daily lessons and learn alongside their children often find their own thirst for knowledge rekindled. They are enthusiastic and passionate about influencing their children’s lives,  giving them a love of learning, and creating a learning-rich environment, which should be one of the ultimate goals of home education. These points are not intended to discourage you completely. However, it is vital that you seriously consider the impact that choosing to homeschool will have on you and your family. It’s essential to have a realistic idea of what you’ll be getting into before you start. If the timing and circumstances arent right for your family, its okay to choose to not homeschool! Updated by Kris Bales

Top 5 jobs that pay a lot more than you think

Top 5 jobs that pay a lot more than you think We’ve all had one of those moments where you look at someone and think, â€Å"That guy makes how much for that job? Crazy.† There are actually a lot of jobs out there that pay more than you might expect, based on the level of experience necessary to do the job or simply stereotypes about what we think certain roles are worth. Let’s look at some of the most unexpected-salaried jobs out there. Dental HygienistDental hygienists are often the unsung heroes of the dental world- after all, they’re usually the ones who have to listen to all the excuses about why you didn’t floss, or who hear the fibs about how much you did floss (Be honest!). But because it’s often a supporting role and doesn’t require a four-year degree to get started, you might be surprised at the salary. According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, dental hygienists make a median annual salary of $74,070. (And given what they do to keep our teeth healthy and sparkling , they deserve every penny!)What they do: Dental hygienists clean teeth, perform dental exams, provide preventative dental care, assist dentists with procedures, and educate patients about follow-up care and dental health.What you’ll need: An associate’s degree in dental hygiene, which typically takes 2-3 years to complete. Some states also require additional licensing for dental hygienists, so be sure to check on your own state’s requirements.Elevator Repairer/MechanicThere are some repair jobs on which you can cut corners, and no one really notices. Elevator repair is not one of them. It’s a high-stakes mechanical job, so although it’s a career that can usually be started with a high school diploma and an apprenticeship or on-the-job training, it’s one that commands a high salary because it requires a high level of skill and attention to detail. In fact, elevator repairers make only a few thousand dollars per year less than the mechanical engineers who design the elevators themselves. According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, elevator repairers make a median annual salary of $79,480- and demand is expected to grow faster than average over the next 10 years.What they do: Elevator repairers or mechanics are responsible for installing and repairing elevators, escalators, moving walkways, and other people movers, as well as ensuring safety.What you’ll need: A high school diploma or equivalent, plus an apprenticeship. You’ll also need strong mechanical savvy, and the ability to work in cramped quarters.Flight AttendantWith perks like free travel, you might think that working as a flight attendant might be one of those jobs where the perks make up for a not-super-high salary. But if you’re interested in the jet-setting life and want a solid median salary, you should consider becoming a flight attendant. According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, flight attendants make a median annual sal ary of $50,500, with demand expected to grow faster than average over the next 10 years. Flight attendants who work for private or charter companies can also make more than that.What they do: Flight attendants manage airline passenger needs, safety, and comfort from (literally) Point A to Point B. In an emergency, they’re also first responders, assisting customers with any kind of crisis that happens in flight.What you’ll need: A high school diploma or equivalent, with significant on-the-job training provided by the airline. A good flight attendant also has stellar customer service skills (and the patience/good bedside manner to go with it).Technical WriterIt may not be the Great American Novel, but you see the work of technical writers everywhere: the instructions you get with your new assemble-it-yourself furniture, those tutorial PDFs on a company’s website, journal articles taking complex scientific or technical subjects and translating them for a wider audi ence. According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, technical writers make a median annual salary of $70,930 (or $34.10 per hour), with demand expected to grow faster than average over the next 10 years. It’s also a versatile field, with technical writing positions open in a variety of industries (tech, healthcare, manufacturing, etc.).What they do: Technical writers prepare instruction manuals, how-to guides, or other supporting documentation to help guide customers or readers through a technical process. They translate complicated tasks for information for a particular audience. Technical writers may work full-time, or freelance.What you’ll need: A bachelor’s degree, helped by expertise in a technical subject like computer science, engineering, or web design.Theatrical Makeup ArtistGot a flair for the dramatic, but don’t have any interest in being onstage? Be the star backstage, and consider becoming a makeup artist. Makeup artists who specialize in theater, media, movie, TV, or other performance often make significantly more than their cosmetologist peers. According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, theatrical/performance makeup artists make a median annual salary of $69,310, with the 90th percentile making $127,030.What they do: Theatrical makeup artists create makeup looks to suit a particular production or performance design.What you’ll need: A high school diploma or equivalent, plus training in cosmetology. A background in theater or drama is also helpful, as is artistic creativity.If you’re looking for a job that carries a strong paycheck but falls outside the stereotypical â€Å"high-paid† spectrum, any of these jobs would be a great start.

Project management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words - 2

Project management - Essay Example it is not always the case that these projects are successful and achieve the desired objectives, but usually most of them do fail, either in terms of cost, quality, deliverables or time (Meredith & Mantel, 2012). Any project’s success is inherited in the timely ending of the project, attainment of the required objectives or deliverables are delivered, and within the project limitations or constraints. In order to execute the project successfully, it is imperative for the project team or managers to consider some crucial elements of the project, which may be the project cost, time, or resources (Oisen, 1971; Lock, 1994; Atkinson, 1999). Among these aspects, there are three central issues, such as the time, cost and quality, which are the key intentions of any project and hardly be achieved and make the project a successful one (Iqbal, Azam, & Qureshi, 2011). However, the secret of success can be understood by analyzing the executed projects, where the success factors or failure factors can be identified by a careful analysis. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the two real-life projects related to the adoption of Information Technology in the organization by identifying the success factors of these projects, and also to identify the risk factors with the help of risk map as well as provide suggestions for mitigating or managing the risks. ECourier is a well-known UK based organization, where it provides 24/7 and same day courier services to the customers throughout UK. It was started in 2003 and the main objective of the company was to deliver courier service with accurate delivery information or transparency in this information, along with the highest customer relationships through automation. It collects and delivers the packages from all the areas in London, as per customer’s instructions. In the beginning, it was involved in delivering the packages only in London, but now it has developed a huge customer base across the world, and have built many

Students Talents and Potential Areas of Growth Essay

Students Talents and Potential Areas of Growth - Essay Example There are many colleges and universities that hand out scholarships on the basis of a child’s performance in sports. There are people who come from low-income families and hence do not have access to any kind of privileges related to education. Being active in sports opens up a lot of opportunities for the child. It is very necessary for a healthy growth of the children to be physically active and not being able to perform academically does not necessarily mean that the child is incapable of anything. Schools should be encouraged to have a defined syllabus, so as to make sure that they equip their students in a real way and properly rather than making them do selective studies. This sort of trend has recently emerged resulting in the increased test results of those schools who are teaching their children specifically for the tests (Smith, Fey, 2000). Here, it becomes evident that it is not at all necessary for the person to be intelligent and capable, but it shows that if the person strives then, he can for sure get what he desires. Therefore, the main factor behind this high score is none other than â€Å"MOTIVATION†. Motivation can be induced in any way either by offering some sort of monetary reward or it can be as simple as public recognition, or recognition among peers. Of course, a mentally challenged person will not be able to achieve it even with motivation, but an average person with a sound mind can easily achieve a good score with a little motivation. Many a time uninterested respondents do not even bother to go beyond a few questions or think (Salkind, 2002). It has been generally seen that people who belong to low-income strata or to areas with a lower economic growth score lower on the tests.

Race and Ethnicity in South Africa

Race and Ethnicity in South Africa The apartheid government believed that South Africa should be represented predominantly by the beliefs and cultures of the white race group, diminishing the others. Tutus speech directly challenges this by saying that the South African nation is a rainbow nation, with its national identity involving the different cultures, religions and beliefs of any and every group. This goes against the apartheid belief of a white supremacist state, saying that South Africa is a home to a diverse population, all of which share equal rights. It clearly states that, as a rainbow nation, South Africa embraces diversity in any form, whether it is racial, cultural, religious or ethnic. This means that anyone can be anything they desire and still be considered an equal citizen with equal rights. At the same time, however, it says that the countries people will rally together against any opposition, united by the common understanding that we are all South Africans. This one common plateau is what makes South Africa a unified nation, while at the same time celebrating its diversity in its people. No, he says the something completely different. He clearly says that different cultural groups must exist, but that there must be a common and mutual tolerance and respect for each group. This differences in society need to remain, and a mans views must stay intact, but people need to understand that we all fall under the title of South African, and it is this that will unite us and make us a peaceful and tolerant nation. If this understanding can be spread, according to Sparks, this is what will inspire our national identity. Rainbow nation is the concept that South Africa accepts all races and beliefs, viewing them as equal under a legal constitution, thus making South Africa a nation of many colours, with the identity of a diverse country, i.e. a rainbow nation. Mosaic society is a metaphor that compares the national identity of South Africa with a mosaic, a piece of art (usually a picture) made up of many differently shaped and coloured pieces of slate, slotted together. In the same way, each different culture, belief, religion, ethnicity, etc. must be accepted as part of society, but be separate from other groups (like the slate pieces). Melting pot refers to the opposite of what is considered to be the national identity. It suggests that like a pot in which ingredients are melted together into one entity, so is the South African society brining in its diverse people to be melted together to become the same, with the same beliefs and understandings. According to Source C, the hope was that a new South Africa would bring about racial integration and the enjoyment of wealth by all, as seen by looking at the image provided by the advertisement. This is clearly a false representation of reality, as today it is well known that those who were oppressed by apartheid (mainly black people, but also Indians and coloured people) found it hard to recover in terms of education and finance after apartheid ended, resulting in the persisting divides we see in this country today, in which the vast majority of wealthy people are white and therefore live separate from the economically underprivileged. This proves that the idea of a national identity provided by the source is completely artificial. Source D also explains to us an important fact; that the divides created by apartheid, across religion, race, ethnicity and gender, meant that people experienced very different ways of living during the apartheid era. These differences and divided experi ences are not something that can be broken down over years, let alone over night, resulting in what has previously been explained as different groups preferring to exist in their own comfort zones of society, making the notion of a national identity almost absurd. Finally, Source E shows us that the concept of a national identity is one that belongs to the starry-eyed idealists, i.e. not something that could happen in reality. It also provides another take on this, by suggesting that South Africa was never really a unified country, but rather the product of hundreds of years of colonialism, meaning that because this land was influenced so drastically by the external imperial powers, that the groups and social divides created by this influence resulted in the present idea of a unified and nationalistic South Africa being non-existent. A national symbol needs to be at least one of the following three things. Firstly, it must be created from the hearts of the people, from something that they feel strongly about and can therefore rally behind. Secondly, it needs to be created with regard to the experiences and suffering of those it will represent, as people who need to back this symbol must feel that it stands for everything they have gone through in order to make it possible to have such a symbol. Lastly, it must be something that people identify with, something easily recognisable and universally accepted so as to appeal to a diverse population. I would support the third approach, which says that a national symbol should be something that every person can identify with fully, as this encompasses the other two approaches. In order for someone to identify with a representational symbol, they must accept it into their hearts, as it needs to be something that they feel close to and that reaches them on a emotional and personal level, while still standing for their political persuasion. As well as this, it needs to be something that represents the experiences and suffering that one has been through in order to insure the creation of the symbol itself. This means that it must reach them on an external, physical level, as well as a personal one. Therefore, we understand that in order for something to be identifiable to a person, it needs to encompass all the three approaches mentioned above, which are brought together by the third approach. The fact that Thabo Mbeki implies that every group in our culturally diverse country stems from the same source and should therefore have the same belief and understanding of a national identity that represents every South African. This is most definitely not the case, and hence completely idealistic. To claim that every black man and women has the same interpretation of what it means to be South Africa as the average white South African is absurd, as the formative experiences of these different groups during both the apartheid and post-apartheid eras are, the vast majority of the time, completely different. This idealistic and hyperbolic tone of the speech also emphasises its forced nature. It almost seems as if he is trying to convince both himself and others of his preferred reality rather than affirm what the true reality. This speech was made during the creation of the South African Constitution, widely considered to be the best in the world on an idealistic level, while being difficult to uphold in practise. This means that the speech fits with the constitution in terms of the belief that all South Africans feel united by the common nationhood, but also falls in line with the constitution in terms of being unrealistic. In other words, the context of the speech emphasises the idealistic nature of the content. It reveals that heritage is constructed from the history. While history is the historical fact of what happened and how it happened, heritage is not as straight. It is built on the basis of history, but on a more subjective and interpretive level. An example is given by the speech, by how Thabo Mbeki chose to use certain historical facts as a foundation for his construction of a so-called common South African heritage, also implying that heritage can be about choice, what you want to be and how you want it to be. Therefore, while history is about the compilation of factual events, heritage is about the creation of what we feel represents us from our past. Source K suggests that the problem with the use of the term African as a form of national identity is that nobody seems to know what they it truly stands for, whether its blacks, people born in Africa or those committed to the African continent. This is a well identified problem, as it is not possible to use a term to unify a country when one cannot clearly define those who the term represents. It is not possible to allow anyone to create a definition, neither a person nor a government, as this may conflict with the definition of another person or group and it will be impossible to compromise. It therefore stands to reason that Source L should bring up the argument that those who choose to bestow Africanness on others are out of place and should first try to come to terms with what it means before labelling it as an honorary title and using it to create a national identity. It also brings up the fact that the continual use of the term as a means of national identification will only l ead to further confusion of those who dont understand its significance (if any). If we look at the holidays celebrated during the apartheid year of 1986, we clearly see that they are predominantly white/Afrikaner, Christian holidays. There is nothing that celebrates any kind of equality or democracy, nothing to commemorate the anti-apartheid struggle. However, when we look at post-apartheid 1996, we immediately see the change. There are now days that celebrate human rights, freedom, workers, women, heritage, etc. and days such as 16 June that remember those who died to bring about the end of apartheid. Therefore, the types of holidays celebrated changed drastically over the decades, between 1986 and 1996. The change in holidays shown between 1986 and 1996 also shows us the change in national identity in South Africa. The identity starts in 1986 being clearly white, Christian, Afrikaner, promoting only the beliefs that one would expect from such a person. This shows the narrow-mindedness of the apartheid identity, which neglects the cultures and rights of other racial, religious and cultural groups. Then in 1996, it changes to incorporate the celebration in womens rights, freedom, human rights, workers rights, etc. therefore showing us a more diverse cultural, religious and political identity that fits closer with the post-apartheid South Africa. The day that most resembles independence day from 1986 is Republic Day, as this celebrate the day South Africa became a republic and hence a independent country, and from 1996 is Freedom Day, a celebration of South Africas first non-racial elections and thus of a new kind of liberation and independence emerging, as well as a new South African identity. Therefore, we can say that the most important thing, the one aspect that has been preserved over the decade, is the feeling of independence from external forces, whether it is your own government or that of another country. The eight episodes referenced refer to pivotal areas of South Africas history. They are all conflicts which shaped the nature of the future South Africa and as such need to be given a place in the celebrating of a freedom that is supposed to be at the core of modern South Africa. Their commonality is illustrated by the fact that each one of these events is characterised by violence stemming from injustice of one sort or another, be it racially charged as in Genocide and slavery or politically and nationalistically motivated as in the Anglo-Boer and world Wars. In each of these there is the fight for freedom from some threatened or real form of repression. They differ in the nature of their fights- some are internal fights for freedom dividing people within borders- Slavery, Wars of resistance, The struggle for liberation and some are external, usually uniting different people within the country against a common enemy as in the World Wars. Together they represent an opportunity to pul l people together by inspiring a common sense of pride and identity by emphasising that the country as a whole has defeated so many forms of brutality and repression to ultimately gain its freedom and as such the freedom of each and every one of its citizens across all ethnic barriers. The Freedom park was created for one specific purpose, as stated in the source: to help South Africans reconnect with the lost spirits that died in war, who fell for South Africa, in the way that their culture dictates, i.e. a ground for the mutual respect of the dead by all South Africans, regardless of cultural belief. Therefore, according to the logic provided by the source, it stands to reason that such a place would be perceived to play an important part in the restoration and rejuvenation of the indigenous, South African cultures that were diminished by the apartheid area, not to mention helping to rebuild the bridges between culture burnt away during the long years of apartheid separation. The 2 sources discuss the purpose of Freedom Park, that is the need to create a place of remembrance which will allow people to remember the fallen, those that have shaped the country, and therefore inspire a deeper feeling of commitment to building it in the future. In doing this they show how invaluable it is to delve into the complex cultural belief systems of different groups within the country. If one honours these appropriately e.g. by fastidiously allowing the visiting of the places of death and carrying out relevant rituals and therefore ensuring the return of the spirits of dead combatants, the experience of the living is resolved and completed and their ability to have a positive outlook on a South African future restored. It is therefore vital that one have a deep understanding and sensitivity towards each different groups particular understanding and rituals surrounding death and remembrance, as if you validate and honour these individually you allow each group dignity an d this will in turn foster respect of each other and a common wish to build a country where the future can be shared by all.

‘Fish!’

FISH! -Stephen Lundin, Harry Paul, Jon Christensen ‘There is always a choice about the way you do your work, even if there is not a choice about the work itself’ A very powerful statement. As a person with a work experience of a couple of years this sentence would have changed the way i approached my work and things related to me. That’s why this book connected with me from the very beginning.The story of the book revolves around the story of Mary Jane Ramirez and her workplace and how an accidental visit to a ‘Fish Market’ changed the way an entire department at an office as well she changed their style of working at work and improved relationships at home. As in the book the main character Mary – a person good at heart & mother of 2 children – after the death of her husband lives a life wherein she is bothered more about the job security rather than being firm and taking risks. With her transfer as a head of Operations department, a dr eaded department in every sense for being unresponsive, unpleasant, negative.In fact it is referred to as toxin energy dump. She feels the need to bring about a change in the department for its revival. A visit to a Fish Market and in particular a store named popularly known as the Pike Place Fish Market where she sees that the workers selling Fish enjoy the work they do & have a lot of fun doing so and also play along the way and involve people around in their activities. Herein the character of Lonnie comes into picture. He is worker at the store and enjoys his job. At this point Lonnie explains Mary the reason for the ‘energy’ visible at the place. He says that there are 4 ingredients that make this place run.He tells her only 1 principle followed and that of ‘Choose Your Attitude’. Mary impressed with the advice sought more data from her boss Bill (a person she did not have friendly relationship) and got a few insights from David Whyte’s poem whi ch changed her for the better. She knew it was time for change. She went through even more materials like that by John Gardener and Sarah Ban Breathnach’s Simple Abundance. At the end of it she knew that had to be the leader who believed in herself and bring about the change. The very concept of ‘Choose Your Attitude’ was applied by her to her own thinking and then explained to her staff.The staff agreed about the problems of the department and gave reasons for their behavior. But she had shown them a way of revival. The staff too felt the need for the change and found a leader who actually cared for them. They decided to take it in a positive way and the result was seen in the elevator where a poster of Choose Your Attitude was put up. The change had begun. With added confidence Mary along with her kids Brad and Stacy visited the market again when they learned the second ingredient of ‘Play’. A value which was displayed by a kid, which adults need t o learn enjoy their work.This taught that a lot can be learned from kids. Having fun doesn’t take the seriousness out of the business but one enjoys what one does and achieves targets. The third ingredient in creating a high-energy world famous market was ‘Make Their Day’. It was showcased by a co-worker at the store named Wolf giving the trio a fish each and was also seen when people were involved in their daily activities of the shop. The people enjoyed being a part of it to the fullest. That indeed made their day and made them happier. Also focusing ones attention on ways to make another person’s day provided a constant flow of positive feelings.The fourth ingredient ‘Be Present’ by displayed by the workers in the way they interacted with the customers and remained attentive and interested in answering the queries of their clients. Mary decided to take her staff for the field trip and made them have a firsthand experience of the fish market and her entire staff was inspired and they were given time to think about their learning and think about the ways to implement it at workplace. The fact that a few of the staff members actually visited the fish market showed that they were influenced by the idea. They took their families along with them and they enjoyed the time spent.With most of the employees inspired by process it was decided to create teams based on each of the 4 ingredients and they were given all needed the required support by Mary. Each of the teams presented their reports on each of the topics. Each team drafted their topic by enlisting what all would be the benefits of Play and how these could be implemented in the Office. The team Play made the members take part in a game in which circles cut from coloured paper and people stepped on them along with the music. The benefits and implementation was shown through this.The make their day team divided the entire group into various teams. Each team was given fif teen minutes to develop strategies for supporting and enhancing the work of a key group of people. A customer survey was used as input data for the same, which took many of them by shock. The winning team which gave the best suggestion was given symbolic mementos. Next The Present Moment Team which made the employees to relax and had inspired reading took place in the entire hall. Also a number of experiences of individual employees were shared. The team decided to resolve on a few changes for better functioning.Finally The Choose Your Attitude Team made a presentation which was brief and to the point. They decided to distribute books which would inspire individuals and have discussions on them. The strategy got implemented throughout the next year. Mary on her part too decided against quitting her job as she was confident of bringing about a change to the department and in its people. Exactly a year later the situation had changed and the department was one of the most sought after places in the company. Mary was awarded with the Chairwoman’s Award for her work. The icing on the cake was the finding of a life partner in Lonnie.The character played of Mary is a person who has lost a few qualities along the way due to family circumstances. She rises from it and makes the workplace better for her as well as other employees present. She experiences change first hand with the relationship between her boss and also her employees. Lonnie’s character is also central to the passage. He explained Mary the various aspects of the 4 ingredients so that she could implement it at her workplace. The book has a message in each and every incidence. The frustration with jobs is experienced by all. The principles which have been mentioned have truly enriched me.The principles of ‘Choose Your Attitude’,’ Play’, ‘Make Their Day’, ‘Be Present’ are something which i will like to apply in my daily activities in office as well as college. The approach of not quitting a job in which one is unhappy but making it a better place for oneself and the people around in utmost essential. The issues mentioned are experienced by each one of us including me and the 4 ingredients provide the key to success. Along with that the resolution of Mary Jane to bring up her kids is commendable. It teaches not to give up irrespective of any calamity and keep striving to achieve ones goals.Even in my daily life I get sadden by events but the book has taught me to cheer myself up and try to change certain bad tendencies in me to avoid repeat of events. It has taught me to think about others, about their well being. It has taught me to care for others. The principle of including people around you in activities enriches the activity as a whole and also creates a bond between individuals. The book on the whole was an excellent learning experience on how through simple steps one can bring about a great deal of change in one ’s personal as well as professional life.